As the Libyan conflict escalated with Turkey’s recent involvement, the Berlin Summit (19 January) was a hopeful and unusual first step since 2018, to resolve the Libyan conflict, which brought all the stakeholders together but left many questions unanswered.

Will the Libyan rebel commander Haftar break the truce? Will the Erdogan government put Turkish boots on the ground on behalf of the Tripoli government? Will the conflict escalate further? Can Russia and Turkey repeat the Syria ceasefires in Libya? Where do the US and major European powers stand in the conflict?